Shows the main Latin noun declensions with endings color-coded for easy memorization. Oko – eye, ucho – ear, rameno – shoulder, koleno – knee, ruka – hand/arm, noha – foot/leg.Art Books Code Design Genealogy Languages Religious Research Writing Other Latin Declensions For example, when 'noha' (leg) is used to refer to the part of the body, it declines as below, but when used to refer to a leg on a chair or table, it declines regularly (according to žena). The parts of the body have irregular, originally dual, declension, especially in the plural forms, but only when used to refer to the parts of the body and not in metaphorical contexts. Město – town jablko – apple moře – sea letiště – airport kuře – chicken stavení – building, house Latin words ending -um are declined according to the paradigm město : muze um, muze a, muze u, muze um. Žena – woman škola – school husa – goose ulice – street růže – rose píseň – song postel – bed dveře – door kost – bone ves – village Neuter Latin words ending -us are declined according to the paradigm pán (animate) or hrad (inanimate) as if there were no -us ending in the nominative: Brut us, Brut a, Brut ovi, Brut a, Brut e, Brut ovi, Brut em Feminine Hrad – castle les – forest zámek – chateau, lock stroj – machine Pán – sir, lord kluk – boy host – guest manžel – husband muž – man kůň – horse učitel – teacher otec – father předseda – chairman turista – tourist cyklista – cyclist kolega – colleague soudce – judge mluvčí -speaker, spokesman Masculine inanimate záme k (N sg) → zám cích (L pl), Věra (N sg) → Věře (D sg), kniha (N sg) → knize (D sg), moucha (N sg) → mouše (D sg), hoch (N sg) → hoši (N pl), kluk (N sg) → kluci (N pl), bůh (N sg) → bozích (L pl), kolega (N sg) → kolezích (L pl), moucha (N sg) → much (G pl), smlouva (N sg) → smluv (G pl), díra (N sg) → děr (G pl), víra (N sg) → věr (G pl), kráva (N sg) → krav (G pl), dvůr (N sg) → dvora (G sg), hnůj (N sg) → hnoje (G sg), sůl (N sg) → soli (G sg), lest (N sg) → lsti (G sg), čest (N sg) → cti (G sg), křest (N sg) → křtu (G sg), mistr (N sg) → mistře (V sg), švec (N sg) → ševce (G sg). , kar et (G pl) (card) – paradigm ženaĬonsonant or vowel alternations in the word- stem are also obvious in some cases, e.g. (chateau lock) – paradigm hrad karta (N sg). Zám ek (N sg, A sg), zámku (G sg, D sg, V sg, L sg), zámkem (I sg), etc. Others are ambiguous, so nouns ending in b, f, l, m, p, s, v and z may take either form.įor nouns in which the stem ends with a consonant group, a floating e is usually inserted between the last two consonants in cases with no ending. In Czech the letters d, h, ch, k, n, r and t are considered 'hard' consonants and č, ř, š, ž, c, j, ď, ť, and ň are considered 'soft'. The paradigm of nominal declension depends on the gender and the ending in the nominative of the noun.

There are 14 paradigms of noun declension. Some forms of words match in more than one place in each paradigm. Czech has seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative and instrumental, partly inherited from Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Slavic. ( May 2019)Ĭzech declension is a complex system of grammatically determined modifications of nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals in Czech, one of the Slavic languages.

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Declension chart